With the aid of the sophisticated in-house proprietary core technologies currently at our disposal - such as PROMINE ® PROCESS - BIONIN is able to manufacture a series of unique and highly effective bioactivated amino acid chelated minerals and trace elements. Due to the systematic development and production of such materials, BIONIN may act in various capacities including that of raw material supplier or manufacturer for your own range of brands and products, and in addition may provide any combination of OEM/ODM services that might be desired. The following are some examples of our ACE-X ® (Amino acid Chelated Elements) products and their actual chelation concentrations:

Amino Acids Molecular Weight Table	Amino Acids Mineral Chelation Example for Calcium

Physiochemical Conditions and Assumptions

1. The molecular weight of the individual amino acids range from 75.07 daltons for Glycine, to 204.23 daltons for Tryptophan or 240.30 for Proline.
2. The heaviest, normally supplemented mineral that can be chelated is molybdenum (Mo), which has a molecular weight of 95.94 daltons. Therefore, one mole of Mo chelated to beween two and three moles of Proline would be the largest amino acid chelate possible under the definition of chelation, and its molecular weight would be between 580 to 820 daltons.
3. The average molecular weight for the amino acids in the PromineR metabolite is 140 daltons.
4. For each metal, two to three amino acids on average will be consumed during chelation.
5. Therefore, for each metal chelation, the molecular weight required for amino acids is 280 to 420 daltons.
6. The minimum average amino acid chelated iron weight achieved through chemical processes, as claimed by an existing company, is 274.7 daltons. This involves the use of only specially selected amino acids with a smaller molecular weight . The imbalance in amino acids species could pose a negative or unknown health effect.

Theoretical Calculations for Maximum Metal Concentration in amino acids chelation:

Ca: Atomic weight is 40.08	Cr: Atomic weight is 52.00	Fe: Atomic weight is 55.85
3 AA: 40.08 ÷（40.08 + 420）= 8.71 % 2 AA: 40.08 ÷（40.08 + 280）= 12.52 %	3 AA 52.00 ÷（52.00 + 420）= 11.01 % 2 AA 52.00 ÷（52.00 + 280）= 15.66 %	3 AA 55.85 ÷（55.85 + 420）= 11.74 % 2 AA 55.85 ÷（55.85 + 280）= 16.63 %
Mn: Atomic weight is 54.94	Se: Atomic weight is 78.96	Mg: Atomic weight is 25.31
3AA 54.94 ÷（54.94 + 420）= 11.57 % 2AA 54.94 ÷（54.94 + 280）= 16.40 %	3 AA 78.96 ÷（78.96 + 420）= 15.82 % 2 AA 78.96 ÷（78.96 + 280）= 22.00 %	3 AA 25.31 ÷（25.31 + 420）= 5.68 % 2 AA 25.31 ÷（25.31 + 280）= 8.30 %
Zn: Atomic weight is 65.41
3AA 65.41 ÷（65.41 + 420）= 13.47 % 2AA 65.41 ÷（65.41 + 280）= 18.94 %

Promine® Process Theoretical Mineral Concentration High and Low Limitations and concentration proposed:

Element	Th. Lo Conc.	Th. Hi Conc.	Th. Avg. Conc.	Proposed Conc.
ACE-Ca ®	8.71 %	12.52 %	10.6 %	10 % ± 1 %
ACE-Cr ®	11.01 %	15.66 %	13.3 %	2.5 % ± 0.3 %
ACE-Fe ®	11.74 %	16.63 %	14.1 %	14 % ± 1 %
ACE-Mg ®	5.68 %	8.30 %	7.0 %	7.0 % ± 0.5 %
ACE-Mn ®	11.57 %	16.40 %	14.0 %	14 % ± 1 %
ACE-Se ®	15.82 %	22.00 %	18.9 %	1.0 % ± 0.1 %
ACE-Zn ®	13.47 %	18.94 %	16.1 %	16 % ± 2 %

The Promine® Process is able to produce ACE-X ® minerals or trace elements other than that listed above. We can therefore accommodate customers' unique specifications in terms of the elements and concentration of any required mixture.